EXAMPLE: Ann is in Chem30B, and never studied or did any assigned problems throughout the course. Chem30B is very difficult to pass without studying or doing the assigned problems. Therefore, Ann failed this course.
After the three tests, this argument would be valid because the premises are true, so the conclusion could not be false. However, the given scenario could very well be questioned because the argument is not strong. This argument was bad because we don't know whether or not Ann really failed the course. The assumption that she did could be countered with the fact that she had prior knowledge going onto the course so that she could've easily passed it without having to study or do any practice at all. If the conclusion were to be "Therefore, Ann most likely failed this course," the argument could've been slightly stronger, due to the fact that "most likely" meant there was a chance of her failing, instead of assuming that she really did fail.
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